Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 5

In this section we discuss the components of a typical cell. We cover the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. We also look at the organelles, which include ribosomes, the cytoskeleton, the centrosome, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, proteasomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria .

In this section we discuss how cells are connected to their surroundings. We cover the different types of connections such as desmosomes, which include spot desmosomes, belt desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, and gap junctions and tight junctions. We also look at the structure of each of these types of connections.

In this section we discuss the structure of the plasma membrane that surrounds and encloses a cell. We look at the different components that form the plasma membrane, and some of the functions of these components.

In this section we discuss the different types of ways substances are transported across the plasma membrane of a cell. We look at the passive transport processes and the active transport processes. These processes include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, including channel mediated diffusion and carrier mediated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport and vesicular transport.

In this section we look at how a cell produces energy from food. We discuss the process of how the cell converts certain food molecules into ATP, which is the energy currency of cells. We go through the four main stages that take place during the cellular respiration pathway, glycolysis, an intermediate stage, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system.

In this section we discuss how cells make, or produce proteins from amino acids. We look at the two major events that happen during protein synthesis, transcription and translation.

In this section we look at what surrounds tissue cells, the extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid. We discuss the components that make up both of these, and their importance to cells.

In this section we discuss the functions of enzymes in the body. We look at how enzymes work and some of the different ways they are affected by some environmental factors.

In this section we go through the process of how a cell divides, and why it is important to the body. We go through the different phases of cell division, and what takes place during each of the phases.