Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradle of Civilization
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Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradle of Civilization

Sezonul 1
Explore Mesopotamia, a civilization that flourished for more than 3,000 years. Mesopotamians built the first complex urban societies; developed writing, literature, and law; and united vast regions through warfare and diplomacy. However, much still remains to be discovered about this fascinating region.
201824 episoade13+
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Episoade

  1. S1 E1Uncovering Near Eastern Civilization

    26 aprilie 2018
    29min
    TV-PG
    Although Egypt, Greece, and Rome may be better known to the public, in fact more written evidence survives from Mesopotamia, home to many of the great powers of the ancient world. As you embark on a journey through over 3,000 years of history, you will understand the ways we uncover ancient historical knowledge, and learn why Mesopotamia's "rediscovery" is so valuable.
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  2. S1 E2Natufian Villagers and Early Settlements

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    The spread of any technology tends to be slow. While today we may see the enormous value of plant and animal domestication, here you will discover the surprising theories about the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture and the challenges that farming presented. Also, gain valuable perspective on the cultural sophistication of pre-agrarian peoples.
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  3. S1 E3Neolithic Farming, Trading, and Pottery

    26 aprilie 2018
    27min
    TV-PG
    Though travel was dangerous, people transported valuable goods, like obsidian for knife blades, across hundreds of miles, perhaps via chains of merchants. Plunge into everyday life in Neolithic Mesopotamia, where homes and villages reflect a simple, unstratified society, but evidence of intricate pottery shows that technology was advancing and people cared about aesthetics.
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  4. S1 E4Eridu and Other Towns in the Ubaid Period

    26 aprilie 2018
    26min
    TV-PG
    The Ubaid people constructed the earliest monumental buildings, standardized some measurements, and must have had some sort of formal leadership to care for and control their populations. See how the people of the Ubaid coordinated their efforts to develop irrigation systems, despite a lack of written language.
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  5. S1 E5Uruk, the World's Biggest City

    26 aprilie 2018
    27min
    TV-PG
    Witness the rise of urban civilization 5,500 years ago, a mere 200 generations before modern times. Discover how and why the first writing system developed and examine the earliest-known evidence of warfare.
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  6. S1 E6Mesopotamia's First Kings and the Military

    26 aprilie 2018
    27min
    TV-PG
    Why did people accept the rule of monarchs? This lecture reveals the fascinating world of the first kings, including their numerous important duties - from conducting diplomacy to levying taxes - and explores how they believed that the gods supported and chose them.
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  7. S1 E7Early Dynastic Workers and Worshipers

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    In a period where the causes of disease and natural disasters were not widely known, gods were believed to be the cause of, and the solution to, instability in life. Learn how evidence found in tombs suggests a belief in the afterlife, and discover just how large a workforce was employed by the grand temples where the gods were believed to live.
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  8. S1 E8Lugalzagesi of Umma and Sargon of Akkad

    26 aprilie 2018
    29min
    TV-PG
    Meet King Lugalzagesi, who controlled several city-states in southern Mesopotamia. His much more powerful successor, Sargon, had a mysterious origin, but was able to build an empire and expand trade over a wider region than ever before.
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  9. S1 E9Akkadian Empire Arts and Gods

    26 aprilie 2018
    27min
    TV-PG
    The Akkadian Empire was a high point for artistic achievement in Mesopotamia. Depictions of humans were believed to possess some of the life force of the people they represented. Professor Podany shows how the many gods had differing roles and powers and were as much a part of everyday life as one's family. Examine an emotional hymn by a priestess, who is the world's first-known author.
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  10. S1 E10The Fall of Akkad and Gudea of Lagash

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    Learn some of the theories behind the fall of the Akkadian Empire. Major kings during this time run the gamut from Naram-Sin, one of the few Mesopotamian kings who claimed to be a god, to Gudea, a pious and benevolent king who may have served as a model for later leaders.
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  11. S1 E11Ur III Households, Accounts, and Ziggurats

    26 aprilie 2018
    29min
    TV-PG
    Although rulers during this period attempted to create a "cult of the kings," local leaders, merchants, and especially households performed essential roles in society. Cuneiform records reveal a remarkable level of organization, from taxes to diplomacy.
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  12. S1 E12Migrants and Old Assyrian Merchants

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    An influx of immigrants greatly enriched the Mesopotamian region, and we see other issues that have echoes in today's world. This was a time of frequent warfare but also of increased literacy and private enterprise. Join merchants on their 800-mile caravans as they delivered tin and textiles in exchange for silver.
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  13. S1 E13Royalty and Palace Intrigue at Mari

    26 aprilie 2018
    29min
    TV-PG
    Here you'll gain an intimate glimpse into the lives of royal families in the mid-second millennium BCE, from diplomatic marriages to extravagant gifts to family squabbles. Archival letters show us how royal women served as informants for their fathers, while sometimes dealing with abusive husbands.
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  14. S1 E14War and Society in Hammurabi's Time

    26 aprilie 2018
    30min
    TV-PG
    Meet the mighty King Hammurabi, who ruled for an incredible 43 years. You'll also discover how the family can be viewed as a microcosm for Mesopotamian society, with each member playing an important role. Delve into the daily lives of families and the laws (both official and unspoken) governing their behavior.
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  15. S1 E15Justice in the Old Babylonian Period

    26 aprilie 2018
    27min
    TV-PG
    The Babylonians had a sophisticated legal system that emphasized evidence and truthfulness. Two trials provide an insider's look into the workings of this system. Uncover what court records reveal about the types of crimes prosecuted, as well as the people's most pressing concerns regarding family and finance.
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  16. S1 E16The Hana Kingdom and Clues to a Dark Age

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    The kingdom of Hana and an intriguing Kassite text provide clues to a mysterious dark age, which may have lasted for 100 years. Few records survive from this period, so Professor Podany illuminates historians' detective work to fill in the gaps.
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  17. S1 E17Princess Tadu-Hepa, Diplomacy, and Marriage

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    Discover how the kingdom of Mittani maintained a peaceful relationship with Egypt through the power of diplomacy. Letters between King Tushratta and the pharaoh demonstrate the roles of envoys in transporting letters and gifts over hundreds of miles, negotiating royal marriages, and defusing arguments.
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  18. S1 E18Land Grants and Royal Favor in Mittani

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    In a world before mass media, learn how Mittanian kings maintained visibility and control across vast distances and large populations without much need for force. Perhaps somewhat ironically, the story of a gold statue reveals the decline of Mittani's golden era.
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  19. S1 E19The Late Bronze Age and the End of Peace

    26 aprilie 2018
    30min
    TV-PG
    This dramatic installment details the end of a period of peace and stability between great powers, as a result of possible natural disasters, attacks on cities, and movements of the mysterious Sea Peoples. The era that followed was one of smaller kingdoms that left few written records.
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  20. S1 E20Assyria Ascending

    26 aprilie 2018
    29min
    TV-PG
    Learn about the grand state of Assyria with its huge palaces and iconic winged lion sculptures. The long and stable dynasty of Assyrian kings always longed to expand the boundaries of the empire, believing that their great god, Assur, had instructed them to do so. Their kings could be brutal in putting down rebellions, but they were also effective in administering the growing empire.
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  21. S1 E21Ashurbanipal's Library and Gilgamesh

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    Here, discover the intellectual King Ashurbanipal whose library is one of the first in recorded history. In it, find clay tablets recording omens from the gods, as well as the world's oldest epic poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh.
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  22. S1 E22Neo-Assyrian Empire, Warfare, and Collapse

    26 aprilie 2018
    30min
    TV-PG
    Discover how the Assyrian empire was restructured by Tiglath-Pileser III, how the Assyrians struggled to keep Babylonia within their empire, and how they even attempted to conquer Egypt. Hear of the mysterious hanging gardens that sat magically on roofs. Bear witness to the fall of the Assyrian Empire at the hands of angry enemies, including the Babylonians.
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  23. S1 E23Babylon and the New Year's Festival

    26 aprilie 2018
    28min
    TV-PG
    Hear the glory of the Babylonian creation story involving Marduk and the evil goddess Tiamat. Through ancient records, relive the 12-day Akitu religious festival that involved priests, singers, artisans, musicians, and the king. You'll also explore the ritual humiliation of the king at the heart of the festival.
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  24. S1 E24End of the Neo-Babylonian Empire

    26 aprilie 2018
    32min
    TV-PG
    Finally, arrive at the end of the independence of Mesopotamia with the conquest of the Neo-Babylonian empire by the forces of the powerful Persian king, Cyrus the Great. Witness religious changes that were taking place across the Near East. Mesopotamian culture gradually died out, but it left an incredible legacy.
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