The Origin and Evolution of Earth: From the Big Bang to the Future of Human Existence
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The Origin and Evolution of Earth: From the Big Bang to the Future of Human Existence

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In 48 lectures by Professor Robert M. Hazen, the noted scientist who pioneered the study of mineral evolution, you follow events from the big bang to the formation of Earth to the many twists and turns in our planet’s evolution. In a course suitable for scientists and nonscientists alike, Professor Hazen recounts Earth’s story through the unique lens of mineral evolution.
20241 sezon
20241 sezon
Distribuție: Robert Hazen
TV-PG
48 episoade
  • 1. Mineralogy and a New View of Earth

    1. Mineralogy and a New View of Earth

    Begin your study of Earth's history by voyaging backward in time, seeing how each crucial stage in the evolution of our planet depended on what came before. Preview the surprising role played by minerals, which coevolved with life-a link that provides a revolutionary new way of understanding Earth.
    Begin your study of Earth's history by voyaging backward in time, seeing how each crucial stage in the evolution of our planet depended on what came before. Preview the surprising role played by minerals, which coevolved with life-a link that provides a revolutionary new way of understanding Earth.
    TV-PG
    38min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 2. Origin and Evolution of the Early Universe

    2. Origin and Evolution of the Early Universe

    Earth has existed for only a third of the history of the universe. What happened before our planet formed? Journey back to the big bang, learning how fundamental forces and particles froze out of a homogeneous state in the initial moments of cosmic evolution.
    Earth has existed for only a third of the history of the universe. What happened before our planet formed? Journey back to the big bang, learning how fundamental forces and particles froze out of a homogeneous state in the initial moments of cosmic evolution.
    TV-PG
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 3. Origins of the Elements—Nucleosynthesis

    3. Origins of the Elements—Nucleosynthesis

    Discover how simple atoms of hydrogen and helium make stars, and how stars manufacture all other naturally occurring elements through processes including titanic supernova explosions. Called nucleosynthesis, this remarkable mechanism is responsible for the chemical richness that made Earth possible.
    Discover how simple atoms of hydrogen and helium make stars, and how stars manufacture all other naturally occurring elements through processes including titanic supernova explosions. Called nucleosynthesis, this remarkable mechanism is responsible for the chemical richness that made Earth possible.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 4. Ur-Minerals, First Crystals in the Cosmos

    4. Ur-Minerals, First Crystals in the Cosmos

    Trace the origin of minerals and discover a surprising candidate for the first crystal forged in the cauldron of dying stars. Then follow the processes that created other early minerals, which survive in their original form in microscopic presolar dust grains in interplanetary space.
    Trace the origin of minerals and discover a surprising candidate for the first crystal forged in the cauldron of dying stars. Then follow the processes that created other early minerals, which survive in their original form in microscopic presolar dust grains in interplanetary space.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 5. Presolar Dust Grains—Chemistry Begins

    5. Presolar Dust Grains—Chemistry Begins

    Unravel the story told in "presolar" grains of dust formed by stars very different from our sun. These are the earliest building blocks of our own solar system. Learn how scientists identify these microscopic particles, which often contain diamond crystals. Also see how the field of cosmochemistry is revolutionizing the study of minerals.
    Unravel the story told in "presolar" grains of dust formed by stars very different from our sun. These are the earliest building blocks of our own solar system. Learn how scientists identify these microscopic particles, which often contain diamond crystals. Also see how the field of cosmochemistry is revolutionizing the study of minerals.
    TOATE
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 6. Coming to Grips with Deep Time

    6. Coming to Grips with Deep Time

    Plunge into deep time-the vast period that reaches back to Earth's beginning. Professor Hazen walks you through a memorable analogy that orients you along this sea of ceaseless change. Also explore the techniques that allow scientists to date rocks and other materials with astonishing precision.
    Plunge into deep time-the vast period that reaches back to Earth's beginning. Professor Hazen walks you through a memorable analogy that orients you along this sea of ceaseless change. Also explore the techniques that allow scientists to date rocks and other materials with astonishing precision.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 7. The Birth of the Solar System

    7. The Birth of the Solar System

    Where did Earth and the solar system come from? See how an idea proposed in the 18th century provides a simple and elegant answer to this question. Compare our solar system with other planetary systems that have recently come to light in the successful search for extrasolar planets.
    Where did Earth and the solar system come from? See how an idea proposed in the 18th century provides a simple and elegant answer to this question. Compare our solar system with other planetary systems that have recently come to light in the successful search for extrasolar planets.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 8. The Early Solar System—Terrestrial Planets

    8. The Early Solar System—Terrestrial Planets

    Investigate the work of the most successful planet-hunter of all time: the Kepler spacecraft, which found thousands of candidate planets orbiting other stars. Then focus on the origin of the four terrestrial planets in our inner solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
    Investigate the work of the most successful planet-hunter of all time: the Kepler spacecraft, which found thousands of candidate planets orbiting other stars. Then focus on the origin of the four terrestrial planets in our inner solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 9. Hints from the Gas Giants and Their Moons

    9. Hints from the Gas Giants and Their Moons

    Tour Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—the four gas giants of the outer solar system. Each is a mammoth world of violent weather, and each has multiple moons that help shed light on Earth's story. View this strange realm through the eyes of far-traveling space probes.
    Tour Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—the four gas giants of the outer solar system. Each is a mammoth world of violent weather, and each has multiple moons that help shed light on Earth's story. View this strange realm through the eyes of far-traveling space probes.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 10. Meteorites—The Oldest Objects You Can Hold

    10. Meteorites—The Oldest Objects You Can Hold

    Most meteorites that fall to Earth are older than Earth itself. Review our understanding of these artifacts of the solar nebula, learn where most meteorites are found, and hear about Professor Hazen's experiences searching for meteorites in the murky world of international meteorite trading.
    Most meteorites that fall to Earth are older than Earth itself. Review our understanding of these artifacts of the solar nebula, learn where most meteorites are found, and hear about Professor Hazen's experiences searching for meteorites in the murky world of international meteorite trading.
    TV-PG
    29min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 11. Mineral Evolution, Go! Chondrite Meteorites

    11. Mineral Evolution, Go! Chondrite Meteorites

    Focus on the most numerous class of meteorites: chondrites. These incredibly ancient rocks tell a story of intense pulses of radiation from the infant sun, which melted dust grains into sticky rocky droplets called chondrules. Countless chondrules clumped together to form chondrite meteorites.
    Focus on the most numerous class of meteorites: chondrites. These incredibly ancient rocks tell a story of intense pulses of radiation from the infant sun, which melted dust grains into sticky rocky droplets called chondrules. Countless chondrules clumped together to form chondrite meteorites.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 12. Meteorite Types and Planetesimals

    12. Meteorite Types and Planetesimals

    As planetesimals grew, the primary chondrite minerals were altered in ways that formed a different class of meteorites: achondrites. Study these fascinating relics from destroyed mini-planets. Some achondrites were blasted off the moon and Mars, including one specimen purported to show evidence of ancient extraterrestrial microbes.
    As planetesimals grew, the primary chondrite minerals were altered in ways that formed a different class of meteorites: achondrites. Study these fascinating relics from destroyed mini-planets. Some achondrites were blasted off the moon and Mars, including one specimen purported to show evidence of ancient extraterrestrial microbes.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 13. Achondrites and Geochemical Affinities

    13. Achondrites and Geochemical Affinities

    Having surveyed the first stage of mineral evolution during the solar nebula phase, turn to stage two, which saw an explosion of mineral diversity during the accretion of protoplanets. One key to understanding how minerals began to diversify during this period is the influential classification scheme developed by geochemist Victor Goldschmidt.
    Having surveyed the first stage of mineral evolution during the solar nebula phase, turn to stage two, which saw an explosion of mineral diversity during the accretion of protoplanets. One key to understanding how minerals began to diversify during this period is the influential classification scheme developed by geochemist Victor Goldschmidt.
    TV-PG
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 14. The Accretion and Differentiation of Earth

    14. The Accretion and Differentiation of Earth

    Follow the stages of Earth's initial formation, as solar system debris in our neighborhood of space collided until one object dominated, growing into the embryonic Earth. Trace the process of differentiation that produced a distinct core, mantle, and crust; and learn how scientists know the details of Earth's deep interior.
    Follow the stages of Earth's initial formation, as solar system debris in our neighborhood of space collided until one object dominated, growing into the embryonic Earth. Trace the process of differentiation that produced a distinct core, mantle, and crust; and learn how scientists know the details of Earth's deep interior.
    TV-PG
    34min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 15. How Did the Moon Form?

    15. How Did the Moon Form?

    Investigate the case of the massive moon. Where did Earth's unusual moon come from? Explore the three possibilities considered before the Apollo moon landings gave scientists actual lunar samples to analyze. Also hear the story of Professor Hazen's close encounter with moon dust.
    Investigate the case of the massive moon. Where did Earth's unusual moon come from? Explore the three possibilities considered before the Apollo moon landings gave scientists actual lunar samples to analyze. Also hear the story of Professor Hazen's close encounter with moon dust.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 16. The Big Thwack!

    16. The Big Thwack!

    Continue your investigation of the moon's origin. The simplest theory that explains the evidence is the "big thwack" model. Study this scenario, which has all the drama of a disaster movie - with colliding planets and a giant moon filling Earth's sky and then slowly receding over the course of billions of years.
    Continue your investigation of the moon's origin. The simplest theory that explains the evidence is the "big thwack" model. Study this scenario, which has all the drama of a disaster movie - with colliding planets and a giant moon filling Earth's sky and then slowly receding over the course of billions of years.
    TV-PG
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 17. The “Big Six” Elements of Early Earth

    17. The “Big Six” Elements of Early Earth

    Survey Earth's six dominant elements: oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and iron. Each has played a key role in Earth's history, governed by the element's distinctive chemical character. Examine this chemistry and learn, for example, why virtually all oxygen on the planet is locked in minerals and rocks.
    Survey Earth's six dominant elements: oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and iron. Each has played a key role in Earth's history, governed by the element's distinctive chemical character. Examine this chemistry and learn, for example, why virtually all oxygen on the planet is locked in minerals and rocks.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 18. The Black Earth—Peridotite to Basalt

    18. The Black Earth—Peridotite to Basalt

    Trace the evolution of Earth's first rocks, which crystallized from the young planet's seething magma oceans. Peridotite was the earliest major rock type to form. Discover why peridotite is now found mostly deep in the mantle, while a related rock called basalt covers 70 percent of Earth's surface.
    Trace the evolution of Earth's first rocks, which crystallized from the young planet's seething magma oceans. Peridotite was the earliest major rock type to form. Discover why peridotite is now found mostly deep in the mantle, while a related rock called basalt covers 70 percent of Earth's surface.
    TV-PG
    34min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 19. Origins of the Oceans

    19. Origins of the Oceans

    Follow Earth's remarkable transition from a dry world with a uniform black basaltic surface to a wet planet of rivers, lakes, and oceans. Also learn about the special properties of water, which make it a universal solvent, a vehicle for life, and the chief architect of Earth's surface features.
    Follow Earth's remarkable transition from a dry world with a uniform black basaltic surface to a wet planet of rivers, lakes, and oceans. Also learn about the special properties of water, which make it a universal solvent, a vehicle for life, and the chief architect of Earth's surface features.
    TV-PG
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 20. Blue Earth and the Water Cycle

    20. Blue Earth and the Water Cycle

    Hunt for unseen water on the moon, Mars, and Earth, discovering that copious quantities exist in unlikely places, including hundreds of miles underground. Professor Hazen tells how his lab duplicates conditions in Earth's deep interior to learn how minerals incorporate water under extreme pressure.
    Hunt for unseen water on the moon, Mars, and Earth, discovering that copious quantities exist in unlikely places, including hundreds of miles underground. Professor Hazen tells how his lab duplicates conditions in Earth's deep interior to learn how minerals incorporate water under extreme pressure.
    TV-PG
    32min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 21. Earth and Mars versus Mercury and the Moon

    21. Earth and Mars versus Mercury and the Moon

    Search for the reason that Earth and Mars have far greater mineral diversity than Mercury and Earth's moon. Probe clues such as tiny zircon crystals that are the oldest surviving minerals on Earth. From this evidence, assemble a story of Earth's global ocean and a time when the entire planet froze over.
    Search for the reason that Earth and Mars have far greater mineral diversity than Mercury and Earth's moon. Probe clues such as tiny zircon crystals that are the oldest surviving minerals on Earth. From this evidence, assemble a story of Earth's global ocean and a time when the entire planet froze over.
    TV-PG
    31min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 22. Gray Earth - Clays and the Rise of Granite

    22. Gray Earth - Clays and the Rise of Granite

    Probe the essential features of clay minerals, which are abundant on both Earth and Mars. Then investigate why Earth has so much granite. Trace the origin of this rock, which abounds in Earth's continents but is rare elsewhere in the solar system.
    Probe the essential features of clay minerals, which are abundant on both Earth and Mars. Then investigate why Earth has so much granite. Trace the origin of this rock, which abounds in Earth's continents but is rare elsewhere in the solar system.
    TV-PG
    33min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 23. Earth's Mineralogy Takes Off—Pegmatites

    23. Earth's Mineralogy Takes Off—Pegmatites

    Continue your study of the stages of mineral evolution by looking at what happens when granite partially melts. Under the right conditions, the resulting crystals can be unusually large and strikingly beautiful. Such rocks are called pegmatites, and their formation involves some of the rarest elements on the planet.
    Continue your study of the stages of mineral evolution by looking at what happens when granite partially melts. Under the right conditions, the resulting crystals can be unusually large and strikingly beautiful. Such rocks are called pegmatites, and their formation involves some of the rarest elements on the planet.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • 24. Moving Continents and the Rock Cycle

    24. Moving Continents and the Rock Cycle

    Explore early attempts to explain why the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, including Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory and the expanding Earth hypothesis. Lay the groundwork for an understanding of the revolutionary theory of plate tectonics by reviewing the stages of the rock cycle.
    Explore early attempts to explain why the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, including Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory and the expanding Earth hypothesis. Lay the groundwork for an understanding of the revolutionary theory of plate tectonics by reviewing the stages of the rock cycle.
    TV-PG
    30min
    16 oct. 2024
  • The Origin and Evolution of Earth: From the Big Bang to the Future of Human Existence
    20241 sezon
    In 48 lectures by Professor Robert M. Hazen, the noted scientist who pioneered the study of mineral evolution, you follow events from the big bang to the formation of Earth to the many twists and turns in our planet’s evolution. In a course suitable for scientists and nonscientists alike, Professor Hazen recounts Earth’s story through the unique lens of mineral evolution.
    Creatori și distribuție
    Producători
    The Great Courses
    Proiecție
    Robert Hazen
    Studio
    The Great Courses
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